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Very high infant and child mortality prevailed in Europe throughout medieval times, due partly to deficiencies in sanitation. [68] In medieval European cities, small natural waterways used for carrying off wastewater were eventually covered over and functioned as sewers.
A famous example is the dansker at Kwidzyn Castle in Poland, although it was rebuilt in the 19th century and no longer retains its medieval appearance. If danskers or a garderobe were not available, outhouses served as toilet facilities in castles.
The post These Medieval Toilet Facts Paint the Period as Quite Crappy appeared first on Nerdist. Here is an in-depth look at how people used medieval "toilets" during the Middle Ages, which were ...
Interior of a late 13th-century garderobe at Chirk Castle in Wales.. The term garderobe is also used to refer to a medieval or Renaissance toilet or a close stool. [2] In a medieval castle, a garderobe was usually a simple hole discharging to the outside into a cesspit (akin to a pit latrine) or the moat (like a fish pond toilet), depending on the structure of the building.
Nowadays, the word "toilet" is more commonly used than "latrine", except when referring to simple systems like "pit latrines" or "trench latrines". [3] The use of latrines was a major advancement in sanitation over more basic practices such as open defecation, and helped control the spread of many waterborne diseases. However, unsafe defecation ...
The time spent at such a table also came to be known as one's "toilet"; it came to be a period during which close friends or tradesmen were received as "toilet-calls". [77] [80] The use of "toilet" to describe a special room for grooming came much later (first attested in 1819), following the French cabinet de toilet.
Archaeologists discovered 11 toilets (not pictured) dating back to the mid-1800s, along with artifacts. Teams sifted through 5-foot deep pits, finding a cow bone , a shell and a pocket watch ...
The toilet room may also include a plunger, a rubber or plastic tool mounted on a handle, which is used to remove blockages from the toilet drain. Toilets often have a wall mirror above the sink for grooming, checking one's appearance and/or makeup. Some toilets have a cupboard where cleaning supplies and personal hygiene products may be kept.