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In this technique, the response of the sample is measured and recorded, for example, using an electrode selective for the analyte. Then, a small volume of standard solution is added and the response is measured again. Ideally, the standard addition should increase the analyte concentration by a factor of 1.5 to 3, and several additions should ...
The Ripper Method, developed in 1898, [1] is an analytical chemistry technique used to determine the total amount of sulfur dioxide (SO 2) in a solution.This technique uses iodine standard and a starch indicator to titrate the solution and determine the concentration of free SO 2.
In analytical chemistry, a standard solution (titrant or titrator) is a solution containing an accurately known concentration.Standard solutions are generally prepared by dissolving a solute of known mass into a solvent to a precise volume, or by diluting a solution of known concentration with more solvent. [1]
The word "titration" descends from the French word titrer (1543), meaning the proportion of gold or silver in coins or in works of gold or silver; i.e., a measure of fineness or purity. Tiltre became titre, [4] which thus came to mean the "fineness of alloyed gold", [5] and then the "concentration of a substance in a given sample". [6]
Titration is a family of techniques used to determine the concentration of an analyte. [8] Titrating accurately to either the half-equivalence point or the endpoint of a titration allows the chemist to determine the amount of moles used, which can then be used to determine a concentration or composition of the titrant.
A typical titration curve of a diprotic acid, oxalic acid, titrated with a strong base, sodium hydroxide.Both equivalence points are visible. Titrations are often recorded on graphs called titration curves, which generally contain the volume of the titrant as the independent variable and the pH of the solution as the dependent variable (because it changes depending on the composition of the ...
In analytical chemistry, Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample. It was invented in 1935 by the German chemist Karl Fischer. [1] [2] Today, the titration is done with an automated Karl Fischer titrator.
A thermometric titration methodology which cannot be emulated using other types of titration sensors will deliver superior or results otherwise unobtainable by other techniques. Examples are the determination of fluoride by titration with boric acid, the analysis of orthophosphate by titration with magnesium ions, and the direct titration of ...