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A shunt charge controller or shunt regulator diverts excess electricity to an auxiliary or "shunt" load, such as an electric water heater, when batteries are full. [7] Simple charge controllers stop charging a battery when they exceed a set high voltage level, and re-enable charging when battery voltage drops back below that level.
Many electrical devices use multiple internal voltages (e.g., 5 V, 3.3 V, 1.8 V, etc.) and sources of external power (e.g., wall outlet, battery, etc.), meaning that the power design of the device has multiple requirements for operation. A PMIC can refer to any chip that is an individual power related function, but generally refer to ICs that ...
Pre-charging is commonly used in battery electric vehicle applications. The current to the motor is regulated by a controller that employs large capacitors in its input circuit. [ 1 ] Such systems typically have contactors (a high-current relay ) to disable the system during inactive periods and to act as an emergency disconnect should the ...
While rarely stated explicitly, the unit of the C-rate is h −1, equivalent to stating the battery's capacity to store an electrical charge in unit hour times current in the same unit as the charge or discharge current. The C-rate is never negative, so whether it describes a charging or discharging process depends on the context.
Trickle charging is the process of charging a fully charged battery at a rate equal to its self-discharge rate, enabling the battery to remain at its fully charged level. This state occurs almost exclusively when the battery is not loaded, as trickle charging will not keep a battery charged if current is being drawn by a load.
A battery balancer or regulator is an electrical device in a battery pack that performs battery balancing. [2] Circuitry that includes designs to balance cell charges during battery pack recharging may be either active or passive in its design, [ 3 ] and is most often found in lithium-ion batteries , [ 4 ] e.g., for laptop computers, electrical ...
A charge pump is a kind of DC-to-DC converter that uses capacitors for energetic charge storage to raise or lower voltage. Charge-pump circuits are capable of high efficiencies , sometimes as high as 90–95%, while being electrically simple circuits.
A smart battery or a smart battery pack is a rechargeable battery pack with a built-in battery management system (BMS), usually designed for use in a portable computer such as a laptop. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In addition to the usual positive and negative terminals, a smart battery has two or more terminals to connect to the BMS; typically the negative ...