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Prostatectomy (from the Greek προστάτης prostátēs, "prostate" and ἐκτομή ektomē, "excision") is the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. This operation is done for benign conditions that cause urinary retention, as well as for prostate cancer and for other cancers of the pelvis .
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Radical prostatectomy has been associated with a greater decrease in sexual function and increased urinary incontinence (mainly stress incontinence) than external beam radiotherapy, an alternative treatment. [7] Radical prostatectomy has traditionally been used alone when the cancer is localized to the prostate.
For example, if the primary tumor grade was 2 and the secondary tumor grade was 3 but some cells were found to be grade 4, the Gleason score would be 2+4=6. This is a slight change from the pre-2005 Gleason system where the second number was the secondary grade (i.e., the grade of the second-most common cell line pattern). [4]
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Radical perineal prostatectomy is a surgical procedure wherein the entire prostate gland is removed through an incision in the area between the anus and the scrotum . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is used to remove early prostate cancer , in select people who have a small well defined cancer in the prostate.
Prostate cancer staging is the process by which physicians categorize the risk of cancer having spread beyond the prostate, or equivalently, the probability of being cured with local therapies such as surgery or radiation. Once patients are placed in prognostic categories, this information can contribute to the selection of an optimal approach ...
The prostate is covered in a surface called the prostatic capsule or prostatic fascia. [4] The internal structure of the prostate has been described using both lobes and zones. [5] [2] Because of the variation in descriptions and definitions of lobes, the zone classification is used more predominantly. [2]