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The Sultan of Brunei is the monarchical head of state of Brunei and head of government in his capacity as prime minister of Brunei. [1] Since independence from the British in 1984, only one sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates back to the 14th century. [ 2 ]
By 1725, Brunei had many of its supply routes to the Sultanate of Sulu. In 1888, Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin appealed to the British to stop further encroachment. In the same year, the British signed a "Treaty of Protection" and made Brunei a British protectorate, which lasted until 1984, when Brunei gained independence.
After Sultan Hassan, Brunei entered a period of decline, due to internal battles over royal succession as well as the rising influences of European colonial powers in the region, that, among other things, disrupted traditional trading patterns, destroying the economic base of Brunei and many other Southeast Asian sultanates.
Shah Brunei (9) r. 1581–1582: Muhammad Hasan (10) r. 1582–1598: Abdul Jalilul Akbar (11) r. 1598–1659: Ibrahim Ali Omar Shah Sultan of Sarawak r. 1598–1641: Muhammad Ali (13) r. 1660–1661: Muwallil Wasit I Sultan of Sulu r. 1610–1650: ♀ Pengiran Tuah: Pengiran Muhammad Panjang Bendahara Sri Maharaja: Pengiran Abdullah Pengiran ...
The Malay sultans of Pontianak, Samarinda and Banjarmasin, treated the Sultan of Brunei as their leader. The true nature of Brunei's relationship with other Malay sultanates of coastal Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago is still a subject of study, as to whether it was a vassal state, an alliance, or just a ceremonial relationship. Other regional ...
The 13th Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin was an exception to familial succession, but he ascended after murdering the 12th Sultan Muhammad Ali and was in turn killed by the 14th Sultan Muhyiddin. It is not clear when the house became known as the 'House of Bolkiah', and whether it was named after the current 29th Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah , or the 5th ...
His title was then changed to Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan, and was still alive when the Spanish invaded Brunei in April 1578, and they referred to him as the Raja Tua. [17] Sultan Sulaiman died in 1513, [18] [contradictory] and his tombstone is located the Royal Mausoleum Jalan Subok. The inscription his tombstone mentions the name of the sultan ...
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III (1914–1986) Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (born 1946) (1) Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah (born 1974): eldest son of Hassanal Bolkiah by his first wife (2) Prince Abdul Muntaqim (born 2007): grandson of Hassanal Bolkiah, eldest son of Al-Muhtadee Billah