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A diversity of earlier Southern dialects once existed: a consequence of the mix of English speakers from the British Isles (including largely English and Scots-Irish immigrants) who migrated to the American South in the 17th and 18th centuries, with particular 19th-century elements also borrowed from the London upper class and enslaved African-Americans.
Older Southern American English is a diverse set of English dialects of the Southern United States spoken most widely up until the American Civil War of the 1860s, gradually transforming among its White speakers—possibly first due to postwar economy-driven migrations—up until the mid-20th century. [1]
The Southern Renaissance (also known as Southern Renascence) [99] was the reinvigoration of American Southern literature that began in the 1920s and 1930s with the appearance of writers such as Faulkner, Caroline Gordon, Elizabeth Madox Roberts, Katherine Anne Porter, Allen Tate, Tennessee Williams, and Robert Penn Warren, among others.
Drawling was established in older Southern American English, surviving into 20th-century Southern American English, though declining in speakers born since 1960. [6] The drawl is often associated with social stereotypes, positive and negative. Studies have shown that American adults tend to attribute Southern accents with friendliness and humility.
Extinct or near-extinct American English. Boontling "Good American Speech": Mid-Atlantic or Transatlantic English; Elite Northeastern American English; Older Southern American English; American English-based hybrid languages (creoles or pidgins) Afro-Seminole Creole; Gullah language/Sea Island Creole English, South-East US related to Bahamian ...
Phonologically, the South Midland remains slightly different from the North Midland (and more like the American South) in certain respects: its greater likelihood of a fronted /oʊ/, a pin–pen merger, and a "glideless" /aɪ/ vowel reminiscent of the Southern U.S. accent, though /aɪ/ monophthongization in the South Midland only tends to ...
As with most English varieties spoken by African Americans, African-American Vernacular English shares a large portion of its grammar and phonology with the regional dialects of the Southern United States, [10] and especially older Southern American English, [11] due to the historical enslavement of African Americans primarily in that region.
The mid occurs in other non-rhotic accents, such as some older Southern American English. An r-colored /ər/ occurs instead in rhotic accents, for instance in parts of the west of England and in some deep Southern American English, like Appalachian English, preserving the Middle English phonotactic constraint against final /ə/: [ˈjɛlɚ].