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Pull-in range is a largest interval of frequency deviations | | such that PLL acquires lock for arbitrary initial phase, initial frequency, and filter state. Here ω p {\displaystyle \omega _{p}} is called pull-in frequency.
A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same, thus a phase-locked loop can also track an input frequency.
These mathematical models of CP-PLL allow to get analytical estimations of the hold-in range (a maximum range of the input signal period such that there exists a locked state at which the VCO is not overloaded) and the pull-in range (a maximum range of the input signal period within the hold-in range such that for any initial state the CP-PLL ...
Floyd M. Gardner introduced "a lock-in range concept" for PLLs and posed the problem on its formalization (known as the Gardner problem on the lock-in range [5] [6]).In the 1st edition of his book he introduced a lock-in frequency concept for the PLL in the following way: [1]: 40 "If, for some reason, the frequency difference between input and VCO is less than the loop bandwidth, the loop will ...
When used in a PLL application, lock can be achieved even when it is off frequency. The PFD improves the pull-in range and lock time over simpler phase detector designs such as multipliers or XOR gates. Those designs work well when the two input phases are already near lock or in lock, but perform poorly when the phase difference is too large.
A PLL multibit or multibit PLL is a phase-locked loop (PLL) which achieves improved performance compared to a unibit PLL by using more bits. Unibit PLLs use only the most significant bit (MSB) of each counter's output bus to measure the phase, while multibit PLLs use more bits. [1] PLLs are an essential component in telecommunications.
A Costas loop is a phase-locked loop (PLL) based circuit which is used for carrier frequency recovery from suppressed-carrier modulation signals (e.g. double-sideband suppressed carrier signals) and phase modulation signals (e.g. BPSK, QPSK). It was invented by John P. Costas at General Electric in the 1950s.
A frequency synthesizer is an electronic circuit that generates a range of frequencies from a single reference frequency. Frequency synthesizers are used in devices such as radio receivers, televisions, mobile telephones, radiotelephones, walkie-talkies, CB radios, cable television converter boxes, satellite receivers, and GPS systems.