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In statistics and numerical analysis, isotonic regression or monotonic regression is the technique of fitting a free-form line to a sequence of observations such that the fitted line is non-decreasing (or non-increasing) everywhere, and lies as close to the observations as possible.
Effect of different solutions on red blood cells Micrographs of osmotic pressure on red blood cells. In chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane.
Pharmacy research aims to understand the clinical, humanistic and economic impact of these changes from the perspectives of pharmacists, patients and other health care professionals. Findings from pharmacy practice research have supported health policy changes affecting pharmacy. In some instances they have been the driver for a new service to ...
The primary use of sterile water for injection is as an ingredient for dilution of other medications (aseptic preparation of parenteral solutions). [6] If it is given by injection into a vein without making it approximately isotonic, breakdown of red blood cells may occur. [3]
Pharmacopoeial reference standards are a subset of pharmaceutical reference standards. They are established for the intended use described in pharmacopeial texts (monographs and general chapters).
Whereas traditional bioinformatics is a wide subject it has a large focus on molecular biology, pharmaceutical bioinformatics more specifically targets chemical-biological interaction and exploratory focus of chemical and biological interactors using e.g. cheminformatics and chemometrics methods.
In medicinal chemistry, Drug Permeability is an empirical parameter that indicates how quickly a chemical entity or an active pharmaceutical ingredient crosses a biological membrane or another biological barrier to become bioavailable in the body.
The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a system to differentiate drugs on the basis of their solubility and permeability. [1]This system restricts the prediction using the parameters solubility and intestinal permeability.