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In renal physiology, ultrafiltration occurs at the barrier between the blood and the filtrate in the glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) in the kidneys. As in nonbiological examples of ultrafiltration , pressure (in this case blood pressure ) and concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane (provided by the ...
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. [3] This means that each separate nephron is where the main work of the kidney is performed. A nephron is made of two parts: a renal corpuscle, which is the initial filtering component, and; a renal tubule that processes and carries away the filtered fluid. [4]: 1024
The kidney is responsible for about half of the total gluconeogenesis in fasting humans. The regulation of glucose production in the kidney is achieved by action of insulin, catecholamines and other hormones. [14] Renal gluconeogenesis takes place in the renal cortex.
Podocytes make up the epithelial lining of Bowman's capsule, the third layer through which filtration of blood takes place. [1] Bowman's capsule filters the blood , retaining large molecules such as proteins while smaller molecules such as water , salts , and sugars are filtered as the first step in the formation of urine .
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the ...
Tubular fluid is the fluid in the tubules of the kidney. It starts as a renal ultrafiltrate in the glomerulus , changes composition through the nephron , and ends up as urine leaving through the ureters .
Micrograph of proteinaceous material in Bowman's space, which is unspecific. It is present in about 5% of people aged over 60 years, [2] but also in for example hypertensive kidney disease. Measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a diagnostic test of kidney function. [3] A decreased GFR may be a sign of kidney failure. [citation needed]
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the volume of fluid filtered from the renal (kidney) glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time. [4] Central to the physiologic maintenance of GFR is the differential basal tone of the afferent (input) and efferent (output) arterioles (see diagram).