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The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity.
The following is a list of Christian Church Fathers. Roman Catholics generally regard the Patristic period to have ended with the death of John of Damascus in 749. [citation needed] However, Orthodox Christians believe that the Patristic period is ongoing. [citation needed] Therefore, the list is split into two tables.
Hippolytus, church father, sometimes termed the first Antipope, reconciled with the church and died a martyr 217~236; Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, martyr 218~258; Clement of Alexandria, church father, Bishop of Alexandria ~220; Novatian, a rigorist and Antipope in 251; Dionysius, patriarch of Alexandria, pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church 248~264
The Apostolic Fathers, also known as the Ante-Nicene Fathers, were core Christian theologians among the Church Fathers who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD who are believed to have personally known some of the Twelve Apostles or to have been significantly influenced by them. [1]
The Church Fathers played a key role in defending orthodox Christianity against heresies and interpreting the faith. [ 5 ] Modern scholars, such as Shawn J. Wilhite (2024), define Patristics as spanning from 90–750 CE and incorporating both orthodox and heretical writings for historical context.
His writings were well regarded by subsequent Church fathers in the West and the East, who noted their devotion to the Word-become-man, pastoral concern and interest in monasticism. Athanasius is considered one of the four great Eastern Doctors of the Church in the Catholic Church . [ 5 ]
Theophilus of Antioch is the earliest Church father documented to have used the word "Trinity" to refer to God.. Debate exists as to whether the earliest Church Fathers in Christian history believed in the doctrine of the Trinity – the Christian doctrine that God the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit are three distinct persons sharing one homoousion (essence).
Articles relating to the Church Fathers, ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity. There is no definitive list.