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Co-processing is the use of waste as raw material, or as a source of energy, or both to replace natural mineral resources (material recycling) and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and gas (energy recovery) in industrial processes, mainly in energy intensive industries (EII) such as cement, lime, steel, glass, and power generation.
Selenitic lime, also known as Scotts' cement after Henry Young Darracott Scott, is a cement of grey chalk or similar lime, such as in the Lias Group, with about 5% added gypsum plaster (calcined gypsum). [13] Selenite is a type of gypsum, but selenitic cement may be made using any form of sulfate or sulfuric acid. [18]
Reusable glass or plastic (PET) bottles are available for many drinks, especially beer and carbonated water as well as soft drinks (Mehrwegflaschen). The deposit per bottle (Pfand) is €0.08-€0.15, compared to €0.25 for recyclable but not reusable plastic bottles. There is no deposit for glass bottles which do not get refilled.
In fact for every 10% of cullet added to the production of a new bottle, energy usage goes down by 3-4%. [2] Recycling one ton of glass can save approximately 42 kWh of energy which translates to 7.5 pounds of air pollutants not being released into the atmosphere. [6] An example of a "Bale" of plastic bottles at a recycling center.
This re-usable carrier bag has been made from recycled plastic bottles. It is an example of open-loop recycling. In open-loop recycling, also known as secondary recycling, or downcycling, the quality of the plastic is reduced each time it is recycled, so that the material eventually becomes unrecyclable. It is the most common type. [98]
Plastic rings will (hopefully) soon be eliminated. This hack might soon be an unnecessary relic of the past. Fortunately, many brands are making efforts to reduce or eliminate single-use items ...
Singapore: plastic bottles are collected with glass bottles. The stream in which PET bottles are collected comprises PET bottles, other plastic bottles and glass bottles, and contamination. Switzerland: Retailers contribute a fee to a national operator (PRS) who manages collection bins, sorting and production of rPET flake.
A breakthrough new study has found direct evidence linking a key chemical ingredient of plastic bottles to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The study, published in the journalDiabetes, ...