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Clonidine. Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α 2A -adrenergic agonist [12] medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. [13]
Zolpidem tartrate, a common but potent sedative–hypnotic drug.Used for severe insomnia. Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep [1]), or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of (and umbrella term for) psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep [2] (or surgical anesthesia [note 1]) and to treat insomnia (sleeplessness).
Overdose of the medication at a dose of up to four times the maximum recommended dose may result in adverse effects including somnolence, muscle weakness, catalepsy-like symptoms, sleep paralysis, attention disturbances, fatigue, headache, and constipation. [1] There is no specific antidote to overdose of daridorexant. [1]
Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine, or Z-drug, which acts as a sedative and hypnotic. [ 11 ][ 20 ] Zolpidem is a GABA A receptor agonist of the imidazopyridine class. [ 11 ] It works by increasing GABA effects in the central nervous system by binding to GABA A receptors at the same location as benzodiazepines. [ 11 ]
Because clonazepam is effective in low milligram doses (0.5 mg clonazepam = 10 mg diazepam), [117] [118] it is said to be among the class of "highly potent" benzodiazepines. [119] The anticonvulsant properties of benzodiazepines are due to the enhancement of synaptic GABA responses, and the inhibition of sustained, high-frequency repetitive firing.
Dextromethorphan is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of levomethorphan, which is the methyl ether of levorphanol, both opioid analgesics. It is named according to IUPAC rules as (+)-3-methoxy-17-methyl-9α,13α,14α- morphinan. As its pure form, dextromethorphan occurs as an odorless, opalescent white powder.
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