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t. e. In linguistics, morphology (mor-FOL-ə-jee[1]) is the study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language. [2][3] Most approaches to morphology investigate the structure of words in terms of morphemes, which are the smallest units in a language with some independent meaning.
v. t. e. A morpheme is the smallest meaningful constituent of a linguistic expression. [1] The field of linguistic study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. In English, morphemes are often but not necessarily words. Morphemes that stand alone are considered roots (such as the morpheme cat); other morphemes, called affixes, are found ...
babysit from babysitter[2][4] back-form from back-formation. bartend from bartender[5] beg from beggar[dubious – discuss] benefact from benefactor (and also the derived benefactee, cf. benefactor) berserk from berserker. bibliograph from bibliography. bicep from biceps (non-standard) [2] biograph from biography.
v. t. e. Occurrence of reduplication across world languages. In linguistics, reduplication is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change. The classic observation on the semantics of reduplication is Edward Sapir's: "generally employed, with self ...
Clipping (morphology) In linguistics, clipping, also called truncation or shortening, [1] is word formation by removing some segments of an existing word to create a diminutive word or a clipped compound. Clipping differs from abbreviation, which is based on a shortening of the written, rather than the spoken, form of an existing word or phrase.
In linguistics, conversion, also called zero derivation or null derivation, is a kind of word formation involving the creation of a word (of a new part of speech) from an existing word (of a different part of speech) without any change in form, [1] which is to say, derivation using only zero. For example, the noun green in golf (referring to a ...
Middle English (abbreviated to ME[1]) is a form of the English language that was spoken after the Norman Conquest of 1066, until the late 15th century. The English language underwent distinct variations and developments following the Old English period. Scholarly opinion varies, but the University of Valencia states the period when Middle ...
Hem; haem. Blood. Hem orrhage: a profuse discharge of blood. Hemi. Half. Hemi sphere: one of the halves into which the earth is divided. Hetero. Unlike; different. Hetero geneous: Differing in kind; having unlike qualities; possessed of different characteristics; differing in origin [see gen]