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Critical thinking. Critical thinking is the analysis of available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments in order to form a judgement by the application of rational, skeptical, and unbiased analyses and evaluation. [1] In modern times, the use of the phrase critical thinking can be traced to John Dewey, who used the phrase reflective ...
The application of critical thinking includes self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective habits of the mind, [2] thus Critical Thinking is an acquired skill used to evaluate data. [3] Richard W. Paul said that the mind of a critical thinker engages the person's intellectual abilities and personality traits. [4]
Socratic questioning (or Socratic maieutics) [1] is an educational method named after Socrates that focuses on discovering answers by asking questions of students. According to Plato, Socrates believed that "the disciplined practice of thoughtful questioning enables the scholar/student to examine ideas and be able to determine the validity of those ideas". [2]
Logical reasoning is a mental activity that aims to arrive at a conclusion in a rigorous way. It happens in the form of inferences or arguments by starting from a set of premises and reasoning to a conclusion supported by these premises. The premises and the conclusion are propositions, i.e. true or false claims about what is the case.
These goals are sometimes divided into epistemic goods, like knowledge and understanding, skills, like rationality and critical thinking, and character traits, like kindness and honesty. Some theorists define education in relation to an overarching purpose, like socialization or helping the learner lead a good life.
Critical understanding is a term used commonly in education to define a mode of thinking, described as, ‘an essential tool for participating in democratic processes, at whatever level.’. [1] It is a defensible position reached through the examination of ideas, issues or sources. It is achieved through reflecting upon, analysing and ...
Philosophy for Children. Philosophy for Children, sometimes abbreviated to P4C, is a movement that aims to teach reasoning and argumentative skills to children. [1] There are also related methods sometimes called " Philosophy for Young People " or " Philosophy for Kids ". Often the hope is that this will be a key influential move towards a more ...
Another definition of transformative learning was put forward by Edmund O'Sullivan: [25] Transformative learning involves experiencing a deep, structural shift in the basic premises of thought, feelings, and actions. It is a shift of consciousness that dramatically and irreversibly alters our way of being in the world.