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  2. Trial by ordeal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_by_ordeal

    Trial by ordeal was an ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused (called a "proband" [1]) was determined by subjecting them to a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience. In medieval Europe, like trial by combat, trial by ordeal, such as cruentation, was sometimes considered a "judgement of ...

  3. Scam artists selling bogus magazine subscriptions ripped off ...

    www.aol.com/news/scam-artists-selling-bogus...

    Scam artists selling bogus magazine subscriptions ripped off $300 million from elderly. Two men are heading to prison after the Department of Justice said they and 62 others defrauded millions of ...

  4. Sassywood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassywood

    Sassywood is an ancient West African form of trial by ordeal. Although it has been outlawed due to human rights concerns, it remains in sporadic use in Liberia. [1][2] In sassywood, the necessary ordeal can take on many different forms. The principal one involves the drinking of a poisonous concoction made from the bark of the "Ordeal Tree", or ...

  5. Assize of Clarendon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assize_of_Clarendon

    Assize of Clarendon. The Assize of Clarendon was an act of Henry II of England in 1166 that began a transformation of English law and led to trial by jury in common law countries worldwide, and that established assize courts. Prior systems for deciding the winning party in a case, especially felonies, included trial by ordeal, trial by battle ...

  6. History of trial by jury in England - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_trial_by_jury...

    The Church banned participation of clergy in trial by ordeal in 1215. Without the legitimacy of religion, trial by ordeal collapsed. The juries under the assizes began deciding guilt as well as providing accusations. The same year, trial by jury became a fairly explicit right in one of the most influential clauses of Magna Carta, signed by King ...

  7. Corsned - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsned

    In Anglo-Saxon law, corsned (OE cor, "trial, investigation", + snǽd, "bit, piece"; Latin panis conjuratus), also known as the accursed or sacred morsel, or the morsel of execration, was a type of trial by ordeal that consisted of a suspected person eating a piece of barley bread and cheese totalling about an ounce in weight and consecrated with a form of exorcism as a trial of his innocence.

  8. Compurgation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compurgation

    Compurgation. Compurgation, also called trial by oath, wager of law, and oath-helping, was a defence used primarily in medieval law. A defendant could establish his innocence or nonliability by taking an oath and by getting a required number of persons, typically twelve, to swear they believed the defendant's oath.

  9. The Lady, or the Tiger? - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lady,_or_the_Tiger?

    A "semi-barbaric" king rules a land sometime in the past. Some of the king's ideas are progressive, but others cause people to suffer. One of the king's innovations is the use of a public trial by ordeal as "an agent of poetic justice", with guilt or innocence decided by the result of chance.