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Main arene substitution patterns. In ortho-substitution, two substituents occupy positions next to each other, which may be numbered 1 and 2. In the diagram, these positions are marked R and ortho. In meta-substitution the substituents occupy positions 1 and 3 (corresponding to R and meta in the diagram). In para-substitution, the substituents ...
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) is an organic reaction in which an atom that is attached to an aromatic system (usually hydrogen) is replaced by an electrophile. Some of the most important electrophilic aromatic substitutions are aromatic nitration, aromatic halogenation, aromatic sulfonation, alkylation Friedel–Crafts reaction and ...
RSC ontology ID. RXNO:0000369. The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring. [1] Friedel–Crafts reactions are of two main types: alkylation reactions and acylation reactions. Both proceed by electrophilic aromatic substitution. [2][3][4][5]
Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...
Transition metal arene complex. Structure of Cr (η 6 -C 6 H 6) 2. Metal arene complexes are organometallic compounds of the formula (C 6 R 6) x ML y. Common classes are of the type (C 6 R 6)ML 3 and (C 6 R 6) 2 M. These compounds are reagents in inorganic and organic synthesis. The principles that describe arene complexes extend to related ...
Electrophilic aromatic directing groups. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, existing substituent groups on the aromatic ring influence the overall reaction rate or have a directing effect on positional isomer of the products that are formed. An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural ...
Phenyl radical group. In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5, and is often represented by the symbol Ph (archaically φ). The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen, which may be replaced by some other element or compound ...
Aromatic sulfonation. In organic chemistry, aromatic sulfonation is an organic reaction in which a hydrogen atom on an arene is replaced by a sulfonic acid (−SO2OH) functional group in an electrophilic aromatic substitution. [1] Aryl sulfonic acids are used as detergents, dye, and drugs.