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The thymus (pl.: thymuses or thymi) is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, thymus cell lymphocytes or T cells mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts to specific foreign invaders. The thymus is located in the upper front part of the chest, in the anterior ...
T cells are born from hematopoietic stem cells, [1] found in the bone marrow. Developing T cells then migrate to the thymus gland to develop (or mature). T cells derive their name from the thymus. [2] [3] After migration to the thymus, the precursor cells mature into several distinct types of T cells. T cell differentiation also continues after ...
Thymocyte. A thymocyte is an immune cell present in the thymus, before it undergoes transformation into a T cell. [1] Thymocytes are produced as stem cells in the bone marrow and reach the thymus via the blood. Thymopoiesis describes the process which turns thymocytes into mature T cells according to either negative or positive selection.
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are specialized cells with high degree of anatomic, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity that are located in the outer layer (epithelium) of the thymic stroma. The thymus, as a primary lymphoid organ, mediates T cell development and maturation. The thymic microenvironment is established by TEC network filled ...
Thymosin. Structure of the bovine β9-thymosin polypeptide based on the PDB 1HJ0 coordinates. Thymosins are small proteins present in many animal tissues. They are named thymosins because they were originally isolated from the thymus, but most are now known to be present in many other tissues. [1] Thymosins have diverse biological activities ...
Thymus stromal cells are subsets of specialized cells located in different areas of the thymus. [1] They include all non-T-lineage cells, such as thymic epithelial cells (TECs), endothelial cells, mesenchymal cells, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes, and provide signals essential for thymocyte development and the homeostasis of the thymic stroma.
Cortical thymic epithelial cells. A figure depicting the process of T cell / thymocyte positive and negative selection in the thymus. cTEC shown in yellow. Cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) form unique parenchyma cell population of the thymus which critically contribute to the development of T cells. Thymus tissue is compartmentalized ...
Naive T cell. In immunology, a naive T cell (Th0 cell) is a T cell that has differentiated in the thymus, and successfully undergone the positive and negative processes of central selection in the thymus. Among these are the naive forms of helper T cells (CD4 +) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8 +). Any naive T cell is considered immature and, unlike ...