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Cages: Cages are optional for fixed ladders with a floor to floor elevation of less than 20' (6100 mm). They are often available for ladders with elevation changes down to 11' (3350 mm). Cages are mandated to begin between 7' and 8'(2250 mm) from the ground and extend the entire length of the ladder.
Fabric "weight" is often specified as mass per unit area, grams per square meter (gsm) or ounces per square yard. It is also sometimes specified in ounces per yard in a standard width for the particular cloth. One gram per square meter equals 0.0295 ounces per square yard; one ounce per square yard equals 33.9 grams per square meter.
The ladders are made by threading and fixing a series of hardwood, machined steps, each not more than 400 mm × 115 mm × 25 mm (15.75 in × 4.53 in × 0.98 in), onto two pairs of minimum 18 mm (0.71 in) diameter manila ropes, and binding each step to the ropes at 310 mm (12 in) (+- 5 mm, 0.20 in) intervals.
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High blood pressure (hypertension, which is when the systolic pressure is between 130 and 139 or diastolic pressure is between 80 and 89) can raise the risk of heart attack and stroke if left ...
Rigid ladders were originally made of wood, but in the 20th century aluminium became more common because of its lighter weight. Ladders with fiberglass stiles are used for working on or near overhead electrical wires, because fiberglass is an electrical insulator. [5] Henry Quackenbush patented the extension ladder in 1867. [6]
The standard rail weight for British railways is now 113 lb/yd (56.1 kg/m). Before the 1990s, most diesel locomotives were built to a maximum axle load of 19 long tons (19.3 tonnes; 21.3 short tons) so the maximum locomotive weight was 76 long tons (77.2 tonnes; 85.1 short tons) for a four-axle locomotive and 114 long tons (115.8 tonnes; 127.7 short tons) for a six-axle one.
It is the use of spreaders (long treads that extend well past the vertical ropes) in a pilot ladder that distinguishes it from a Jacob's ladder. When not being used, the ladder is stowed away, usually rolled up, rather than left hanging. On late 19th-century warships, this kind of ladder would replace the normal fixed ladders on deck during battle.