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  2. Allah as a lunar deity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah_as_a_lunar_deity

    Statue from Tel Hazor, used by Robert Morey to claim a link between Islam and lunar worship. [1] Scholars identify it as Canaanite, likely representing a priest or king, with no connection to Allah. [2] [3] [4] The argument that Allah (God in Islam) originated as a moon god first arose in 1901 in the scholarship of archaeologist Hugo Winckler.

  3. Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia

    [36] [37] References to Allah are found in the poetry of the pre-Islamic Arab poet Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma, who lived a generation before Muhammad, as well as pre-Islamic personal names. [38] Muhammad's father's name was ʿAbd-Allāh, meaning "the servant of Allah". [34] Charles Russell Coulter and Patricia Turner considered that Allah's name may ...

  4. Moloch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moloch

    [1] Moloch, Molech, or Molek [a] is a word which appears in the Hebrew Bible several times, primarily in the Book of Leviticus. The Bible strongly condemns practices that are associated with Moloch, which are heavily implied to include child sacrifice. [2] Traditionally, the name Moloch has been understood as referring to a Canaanite god. [3]

  5. Idolatry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolatry

    Moses Indignant at the Golden Calf, painting by William Blake, 1799–1800. Idolatry is the worship of an idol as though it were a deity. [1] [2] [3] In Abrahamic religions (namely Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baháʼí Faith) idolatry connotes the worship of something or someone other than the Abrahamic God as if it were God.

  6. Milcom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milcom

    The name occurs several additional times in the Septuagint: 2 Samuel 12:30, 1 Chronicles 20:2, Amos 1:15, Jeremiah 40 (=30):1.3, Zephaniah 1:5, and 1 Kings 11:7. [4] The Masoretic text reads malkam, meaning "their king" in most of these instances. [5] It is likely that the Hebrew text originally read Milcom in at least some of these instances. [6]

  7. Mohammedan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammedan

    Some modern Muslims have objected to the term, [11] saying that the term was not used by Muhammad himself or his early followers, and that the religion teaches the worship of God alone (see shirk and tawhid) and not Muhammad or any other of God's prophets. Thus modern Muslims believe "Mohammedan" is a misnomer, "which seem[s] to them to carry ...

  8. Criticism of Muhammad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad

    The earliest documented Christian knowledge of Muhammad stems from Byzantine sources, written shortly after Muhammad's death in 632. In the Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati, a dialogue between a recent Christian convert and several Jews, one participant writes that his brother "wrote to [him] saying that a deceiving prophet has appeared amidst the Saracens". [17]

  9. Paul of Antioch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_of_Antioch

    Almost all that is known of Paul is derived from his own surviving writings. He was a native of Antioch who became a monk and later served as the bishop of Sidon. [1] Even the century in which he lived is uncertain. He made use of the writings of Elias of Nisibis, who died in 1046, and the earliest known manuscript of his work dates to 1232. [1 ...