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Statue from Tel Hazor, used by Robert Morey to claim a link between Islam and lunar worship. [1] Scholars identify it as Canaanite, likely representing a priest or king, with no connection to Allah. [2] [3] [4] The argument that Allah (God in Islam) originated as a moon god first arose in 1901 in the scholarship of archaeologist Hugo Winckler.
[36] [37] References to Allah are found in the poetry of the pre-Islamic Arab poet Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma, who lived a generation before Muhammad, as well as pre-Islamic personal names. [38] Muhammad's father's name was ʿAbd-Allāh, meaning "the servant of Allah". [34] Charles Russell Coulter and Patricia Turner considered that Allah's name may ...
Moses Indignant at the Golden Calf, painting by William Blake, 1799–1800. Idolatry is the worship of an idol as though it were a deity. [1] [2] [3] In Abrahamic religions (namely Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baháʼí Faith) idolatry connotes the worship of something or someone other than the Abrahamic God as if it were God.
[1] Moloch, Molech, or Molek [a] is a word which appears in the Hebrew Bible several times, primarily in the Book of Leviticus. The Bible strongly condemns practices that are associated with Moloch, which are heavily implied to include child sacrifice. [2] Traditionally, the name Moloch has been understood as referring to a Canaanite god. [3]
The name occurs several additional times in the Septuagint: 2 Samuel 12:30, 1 Chronicles 20:2, Amos 1:15, Jeremiah 40 (=30):1.3, Zephaniah 1:5, and 1 Kings 11:7. [4] The Masoretic text reads malkam, meaning "their king" in most of these instances. [5] It is likely that the Hebrew text originally read Milcom in at least some of these instances. [6]
Paul of Antioch (Arabic: Būlus al-Rāhib al-Anṭākī) was a Melkite Christian monk, bishop and author who lived between the 11th and 13th centuries. His best known works are defences of Christianity written for Muslims and a treatise urging the conversion of Muslims and Jews .
In Islam, Hubal has been used as a symbol of modern forms of "idol worship". According to Adnan A. Musallam, this can be traced to one of the founders of radical Islamism, Sayyid Qutb , who used the label to attack secular rulers such as Nasser , seen as creating "idols" based on un-Islamic Western and Marxist ideologies.
The earliest documented Christian knowledge of Muhammad stems from Byzantine sources, written shortly after Muhammad's death in 632. In the Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati, a dialogue between a recent Christian convert and several Jews, one participant writes that his brother "wrote to [him] saying that a deceiving prophet has appeared amidst the Saracens". [17]