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Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a protein that inhibits the synthesis of a number of cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, TNF, and GM-CSF produced by activated macrophages and by helper T cells. In structure, IL-10 is a protein of about 160 amino acids that contains four conserved cysteines involved in disulphide bonds. [ 33 ]
IL-18 is known as a factor that induces the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). [29] It is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that shares similar biological effects to IL-12 and structural forms with the IL-1 family. Together with IL-12 it mediates cellular immunity. It binds to the IL-18Rα receptor.
Cytokines have been shown to be involved in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents. Cytokines include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumour necrosis factors, but generally not hormones or growth factors (despite some overlap in the terminology) [citation needed].
IL-1β is a member of the interleukin 1 family of cytokines. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages, monocytes, and a subset of dendritic cells known as slanDC, [13] as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE).
3576 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000169429 n/a UniProt P10145 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000584 NM_001354840 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_000575 NP_001341769 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 73.74 – 73.74 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Interleukin 8 (IL-8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth ...
16183 Ensembl ENSG00000109471 ENSMUSG00000027720 UniProt P60568 P04351 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000586 NM_008366 RefSeq (protein) NP_000577 NP_032392 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 122.45 – 122.46 Mb Chr 3: 37.17 – 37.18 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system. It is a ...
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene. [5] [6] In general, Interleukin 1 is responsible for the production of inflammation, as well as the promotion of fever and sepsis. IL-1α inhibitors are being developed to interrupt those processes ...
IL-25 is produced by many cell types. These cells include T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, epithelial cells and Paneth cells. [13] [14] This cytokine can induce NF-κB activation, and stimulate the production of IL-8 (named also CXCL8), which is the major chemotactic substance of neutrophils. [6]