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Marcus Tullius Cicero [a] (/ ˈ s ɪ s ə r oʊ / SISS-ə-roh; Latin: [ˈmaːrkʊs ˈtʊlli.ʊs ˈkɪkɛroː]; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, writer and Academic skeptic, [4] who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. [5]
Bust of a patrician from the Roman Republic. Cato Maior de Senectute ("Cato the Elder on Old Age") is an essay written by Cicero in 44 BC on the subject of aging and death.To lend his reflections greater import, [1] Cicero wrote his essay such that the esteemed Cato the Elder was lecturing to Scipio Aemilianus and Gaius Laelius Sapiens.
The writings of Marcus Tullius Cicero constitute one of the most renowned collections of historical and philosophical work in all of classical antiquity. Cicero was a Roman politician , lawyer , orator , political theorist , philosopher , and constitutionalist who lived during the years of 106–43 BC.
A. E. Douglas (1994), Cicero: Tusculan Disputations I. reprinted with corrections. Aris & Phillips. M. Graver (2002), Cicero on the Emotions: Tusculan Disputations 3 and 4. Translation and commentary. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-30578-3; J. Davie (2017), Cicero, On Life and Death. (Translation of Books 1, 2 and 5). Oxford University ...
On Government or On the State – Cicero's intention was however probably more specific, the type of government that had been established in Rome since the kings, and that was challenged by amongst others Julius Caesar, by the time Cicero wrote his De re publica.
The Latin phrase cīvis Rōmānus sum (Classical Latin: [ˈkiːwis roːˈmaːnus ˈsũː]; "I am (a) Roman citizen") is a phrase used in Cicero's In Verrem as a plea for the legal rights of a Roman citizen. [1] When travelling across the Roman Empire, safety was said to be guaranteed to anyone who declared, "civis Romanus sum".
Cicero's humanitas... reappeared in the first century in Seneca's claim – made in the midst of a lament over Roman bestiality – that man is a sacred thing to man: “ homo res sacra homini ”; [11] and reappeared once more in the eighteenth century in Kant's call for human autonomy and in Voltaire's stern injunction: “Remember your ...
Catullus 49 is a poem by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus (c. 84–c. 54 BC) sent to Marcus Tullius Cicero as a superficially laudatory poem. Like the majority of Catullus' poems, the meter of this poem is hendecasyllabic. This is also the only time Cicero is ever mentioned in any of Catullus' poems.