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As of 1690 the Gulden used in Southern Germany and the Austrian Empire adhered to the Leipzig standard, with the Gulden worth 1 ⁄ 18 a Cologne Mark of fine silver or 1 ⁄ 2 the Reichsthaler specie coin, or 12.992 g per Gulden. Below is a history (in terms of grams of silver) of the standards of the South German Gulden from 1690 until the ...
The guilder (Dutch: gulden, pronounced [ˈɣʏldə(n)] ⓘ) or florin was the currency of the Netherlands from 1434 until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro.. The Dutch name gulden was a Middle Dutch adjective meaning 'golden', [1] and reflects the fact that, when first introduced in 1434, its value was about equal to (i.e., it was on par with) the Italian gold florin.
Its value differed from the gulden of the Dutch Republic during the latter's separation from Belgium from 1581 to 1816. Standard coins issued in Belgium include: From 1618: the patagon or Albertusthaler of 24.55 g fine silver, worth 2.4 gulden or 48 stuiver (or 10.23 g fine silver per gulden)
10 mark, 3.9825 g (3.5842 g gold) 20 mark, 7.965 g (7.1685 g gold) Gold marks are a popular choice for Latin Currency Union coin collectors. The 20 mark is the most seen and offers a variety of different types that were mass-produced and therefore can be purchased at a low premium above each coin's melt value.
The Conventionsthaler (10-Thaler standard, 23.386 g silver) contained 1 ⁄ 10 of a Cologne Mark and originally corresponded to exactly two Conventionsgulden (20-Gulden standard, 11.693 g silver), [1] [2] which meant that it could be one and the same coin as a double gulden. Consequently, half a Conventionsthaler was referred to as a gulden.
In 1940, following the German occupation of the Netherlands, the link to the Dutch currency was broken, with a peg to the U.S. dollar of 1.88585 guilders = 1 dollar established. The peg was adjusted to 1.79 guilders = 1 dollar in 1971. In 1986, Aruba gained a status aparte and left the Netherlands Antilles.
Württemberg used the South German gulden as its currency until 1873. Until 1824, the Gulden was a unit of account and was used to denominate banknotes but was not issued as a coin. It was worth 5 ⁄ 12 of a Conventionsthaler and was subdivided into 50 Conventionskreuzer or 60 Kreuzer Landmünze. The first Gulden coins were issued in 1824.
Gulden is the historical German and Dutch term for gold coin (from Middle High German guldin [pfenni(n)c] "golden penny" and Middle Dutch guldijn florijn "golden florin"), equivalent to the English term guilder.