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During the mid-17th century, coffee was no longer viewed solely as a medicinal plant and this change in perception created a novel opportunity for the serving of coffee to patrons. A ripe location for just such an enterprise was the city of Oxford, with its unique combination of exotic scholarship interests and energetic experimental community.
In the 17th century, coffee appeared for the first time in Europe outside the Ottoman Empire, and coffeehouses were established, soon becoming increasingly popular. The first coffeehouse is said to have appeared in 1632 in Livorno , founded by a Jewish merchant, [ 23 ] [ 24 ] or later in 1640, in Venice . [ 25 ]
The success of coffee in 17th-century Europe was paralleled with the spread of the habit of tobacco smoking all over the continent during the course of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). For many decades in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Brazil was the biggest producer of coffee and a virtual monopolist in the trade.
"The Vertue of the Coffee Drink", published by Rosée in 1652. Pasqua Rosée was born in the early seventeenth century into the ethnic Greek community of the Republic of Ragusa (now southernmost Croatia), [1] and is variously described as Greek, [2] [3] Armenian, [4] [5] Turkish [6] and "of Greek or Turkish origin". [7]
Lloyd's Coffee House was a significant meeting place in London in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was opened by Edward Lloyd (c. 1648 – 15 February 1713) on Tower Street in 1686. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The establishment was a popular place for sailors , merchants and shipowners , and Lloyd catered to them by providing reliable shipping news.
Jonathan's Coffee House was a significant meeting place in London in the 17th and 18th centuries, famous as the original site of the London Stock Exchange. The coffee house was opened around 1680 by Jonathan Miles in Change (or Exchange) Alley , in the City of London .
By the middle of the 17th century, Ottoman towns were full of coffeehouses, and it was here that a large number of ordinary Ottoman men spent many hours of their non-working lives. [22] At the beginning of the nineteenth century, according to tax documents, there were well over a 2,500 coffeehouses in Istanbul , for a population of perhaps ...
A coffee bearer, from the Ottoman quarters in Cairo (1857). The earliest-grown coffee can be traced from Ethiopia. [6] Evidence of knowledge of the coffee tree and coffee drinking first appeared in the late 15th century; the Sufi shaykh Muhammad ibn Sa'id al-Dhabhani, the Mufti of Aden, is known to have imported goods from Ethiopia to Yemen. [7]