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Tin mining began early in the Bronze Age, as bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Tin is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, with approximately 2 ppm (parts per million), compared to iron with 50,000 ppm.
Within recorded history, Cornwall and Devon only dominated the European market for tin from late Roman times, starting around the 3rd century AD, as many Spanish tin mines were exhausted. [23] Cornwall maintained its importance as a source of tin throughout medieval times and into the modern period.
Tin mining knowledge spread to other European tin mining districts from Erzgebirge and evidence of tin mining begins to appear in Brittany, Devon and Cornwall, and in the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 BC. [11] These deposits saw greater exploitation when they fell under Roman control between the third century BC and the first century AD. [12]
Person on the 1837 man engine at the Samson Pit in Lower Saxony, Germany Bottom of the man engine at the Dolcoath Mine, Cornwall. The earliest known examples of this device were from the first half of the nineteenth century in the silver mining area of the Harz mountains, Germany, where they were driven by cranks connected to water wheels, although bucket hoists ("Hakenkunst") using the same ...
Open-cast mining and metallurgical activities were mostly concentrated in the Eastern Alps, Saxony, Bohemia, Tuscany, Rhineland, Gaul, and Spain (Nef 1987). It was mainly German miners and metallurgists who were the generators of metal production, but the French and Flemish made contributions to the developments. [5]
The Cross-border Mining Education Trail (German: Grenzüberschreitender Bergbaulehrpfad, Czech: Příhraniční naučná hornická stezka) from Krupka (German: Graupen) to Geising, Altenberg, Zinnwald and Cínovec (German: Böhmisch Zinnwald) to Dubí (German: Eichwald) is a 40 km long mining history educational trail in the upper Eastern Ore Mountains in Germany and the Czech Republic.
Mining in the Upper Harz region of central Germany was a major industry for several centuries, especially for the production of silver, lead, copper, and, latterly, zinc as well. Great wealth was accumulated from the mining of silver from the 16th to the 19th centuries, as well as from important technical inventions.
The German Mining Museum in Bochum (German: Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum) or DBM is one of the most visited museums in Germany with around 365,700 visitors per year (2012). [1] It is the largest mining museum in the world, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and a renowned research establishment for mining history .