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Paramecium caudatum [1] is a species of unicellular protist in the phylum Ciliophora. [2] They can reach 0.33 mm in length and are covered with minute hair-like organelles called cilia. [3] The cilia are used in locomotion and feeding. [2] The species is very common, and widespread in marine, brackish and freshwater environments. [4] [5]
The question of whether Paramecium exhibit learning has been the object of a great deal of experimentation, yielding equivocal results. However, a study published in 2006 seems to show that Paramecium caudatum may be trained, through the application of a 6.5 volt electric current, to discriminate between brightness levels. [29]
Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum grow well individually, but when they compete for the same resources, P. aurelia outcompetes P. caudatum.. Based on field observations, Joseph Grinnell formulated the principle of competitive exclusion in 1904: "Two species of approximately the same food habits are not likely to remain long evenly balanced in numbers in the same region.
The Russian ecologist Georgii Gause demonstrated the tendency toward extinction among predator–prey populations with a series of experiments in 1934. He found that in experiments with Didinium nasutum (predator) and Paramecium caudatum (prey), D. nausatum overexploited P. caudatum leading first to its extinction and subsequently to its own. [7]
Paramecium Müller, 1773; Physanter Jankowski, 1975; Parameciidae is a family of ciliates in the order Peniculida. Members of this family have differentiated anterior ...
Added a label for the buccal overture, a structure frequently mislabeled as the cytostome on diagrams of Paramecium. For an accurate representation of these structures, see: Ralph Wichterman, The Biology of Paramecium, 2nd Edition, 1986 (fig. 1.3A, on... 19:47, 5 June 2017: 1,142 × 1,007 (149 KB) Deuterostome: Lengthened buccal cavity, for ...
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200 μm – typical length of Paramecium caudatum, a ciliate protist; 200 μm – nominal width of the smallest commonly available mechanical pencil lead (0.2 mm) 250–300 μm – length of a dust mite [107] 340 μm – length of a pixel on a 17-inch monitor with a resolution of 1024×768; 500 μm – typical length of Amoeba proteus, an ...