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a contention-free quadratic permutation polynomial (QPP). [26] An example of use is in the 3GPP Long Term Evolution mobile telecommunication standard. [27] In multi-carrier communication systems, interleaving across carriers may be employed to provide frequency diversity, e.g., to mitigate frequency-selective fading or narrowband interference. [28]
They provide an elegant way of handling errors, without resorting to exception handling; when a function that may fail returns a result type, the programmer is forced to consider success or failure paths, before getting access to the expected result; this eliminates the possibility of an erroneous programmer assumption.
In computing, a roundoff error, [1] also called rounding error, [2] is the difference between the result produced by a given algorithm using exact arithmetic and the result produced by the same algorithm using finite-precision, rounded arithmetic. [3]
In cryptography, learning with errors (LWE) is a mathematical problem that is widely used to create secure encryption algorithms. [1] It is based on the idea of representing secret information as a set of equations with errors. In other words, LWE is a way to hide the value of a secret by introducing noise to it. [2]
Variable length arithmetic represents numbers as a string of digits of a variable's length limited only by the memory available. Variable-length arithmetic operations are considerably slower than fixed-length format floating-point instructions.
Most assembly languages will have a macro instruction or an interrupt address available for the particular system to intercept events such as illegal op codes, program check, data errors, overflow, divide by zero, and other such.
(Here ε i is the ith error, and ^ is the ith residual.) The residuals, unlike the errors, do not all have the same variance: the variance decreases as the corresponding x-value gets farther from the average x-value. This is not a feature of the data itself, but of the regression better fitting values at the ends of the domain.
For example, changing or tweaking the behavior of a program or system through code injection can cause the system to behave in a certain way without malicious intent. [5] [6] Code injection could, for example: Introduce a useful new column that did not appear in the original design of a search results page.