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Withdrawal from alcohol induces a surge in release of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate, which activates NMDARs. [27] Acamprosate reduces this glutamate surge. [28] The drug also protects cultured cells from excitotoxicity induced by ethanol withdrawal [29] and from glutamate exposure combined with ethanol withdrawal. [30]
Alcohol is one of the more dangerous drugs to withdraw from. [180] Drugs which help to re-stabilize the glutamate system such as N-acetylcysteine have been proposed for the treatment of addiction to cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol. [181]
Pharmacological treatments for alcohol addiction include drugs like naltrexone (opioid antagonist), disulfiram, acamprosate, and topiramate. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Rather than substituting for alcohol, these drugs are intended to affect the desire to drink, either by directly reducing cravings as with acamprosate and topiramate, or by producing ...
Treatment of alcoholism may take several forms. [9] Due to medical problems that can occur during withdrawal, alcohol cessation should be controlled carefully. [9] One common method involves the use of benzodiazepine medications, such as diazepam. [9] These can be taken while admitted to a health care institution or individually. [9]
Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines.
Naltrexone, sold under the brand name Revia among others, is a medication primarily used to manage alcohol use or opioid use disorder by reducing cravings and feelings of euphoria associated with substance use disorder. [8] It has also been found effective in the treatment of other addictions and may be used for them off-label. [12]
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