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In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. [1] [2] Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, [3] [4] [5] physicists, [6] [7] mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. [8]
In numerical mathematics, relaxation methods are iterative methods for solving systems of equations, including nonlinear systems. [1]Relaxation methods were developed for solving large sparse linear systems, which arose as finite-difference discretizations of differential equations.
In mathematics and computing, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA or just LM), also known as the damped least-squares (DLS) method, is used to solve non-linear least squares problems. These minimization problems arise especially in least squares curve fitting.
In mathematics, nonlinear programming (NLP) is the process of solving an optimization problem where some of the constraints are not linear equalities or the objective function is not a linear function.
The k-dimensional variant of Newton's method can be used to solve systems of greater than k (nonlinear) equations as well if the algorithm uses the generalized inverse of the non-square Jacobian matrix J + = (J T J) −1 J T instead of the inverse of J.
Whereas linear conjugate gradient seeks a solution to the linear equation =, the nonlinear conjugate gradient method is generally used to find the local minimum of a nonlinear function using its gradient alone. It works when the function is approximately quadratic near the minimum, which is the case when the function is twice differentiable at ...
Nonlinear ones are of particular interest for their commonality in describing real-world systems and how much more difficult they are to solve compared to linear differential equations. This list presents nonlinear ordinary differential equations that have been named, sorted by area of interest.
In the absence of rounding errors, direct methods would deliver an exact solution (for example, solving a linear system of equations = by Gaussian elimination). Iterative methods are often the only choice for nonlinear equations. However, iterative methods are often useful even for linear problems involving many variables (sometimes on the ...