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Maryland became a prime tobacco exporting colony in the mid-Atlantic and, for a time, a refuge for Catholic settlers, as George Calvert had hoped. [107] Under the rule of the Lords Baltimore, thousands of British Catholics emigrated to Maryland, establishing some of the oldest Catholic communities in what later became the United States. [ 107 ]
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (8 August 1605 – 30 November 1675) was an English politician and lawyer who was the first proprietor of Maryland.Born in Kent, England in 1605, he inherited the proprietorship of overseas colonies in Avalon (Newfoundland) (off the eastern coast of the North America continent), along with Maryland after the 1632 death of his father, George Calvert, 1st Baron ...
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (August 27, 1637 – February 21, 1715) was an English colonial administrator. He inherited the province of Maryland in 1675 upon the death of his father, Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore. He had been his father's Deputy Governor since 1661 when he arrived in the colony at the age of 24.
The title was granted in 1625 to Sir George Calvert (1580–1632), and it became extinct in 1771 on the death of Frederick, 6th Baron Baltimore. [1] The title was held by six members/generations of the Calvert family, who were Lord proprietors of the palatinates Province of Avalon in Newfoundland and Maryland Palatinate (later the Province of Maryland and subsequent American State of Maryland).
Lord Baltimore was stripped of his right to govern the province, though not of his territorial rights. Maryland was designated as a royal province, administered by the crown via appointed governors until 1715. At that time, Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore, having converted to Anglicanism, was restored to proprietorship. [27]
In 1684, the 3rd Lord Baltimore traveled to England [33] in regard to a border dispute with William Penn. He never returned to Maryland. In his absence the Protestant Revolution of 1689 took control of the colony. That year the family's royal charter was also withdrawn, and Maryland became a Royal Colony. Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore
The city is named after Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, [16] (1605–1675), [17] of the Irish House of Lords and founding proprietor of the Province of Maryland. [18] [19] Cecilius Calvert was the oldest son of Sir George Calvert, (1579–1632), who became the First Lord Baltimore of County Longford, Ireland in 1625.
A painting of Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore.. The Province of Maryland was founded by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore in 1634. Like his father George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, who had originated the efforts that led to the colony's charter, he was Catholic at a time when the Kingdom of England was dominated by the Church of England. [2]