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In art history, formalism is the study of art by analyzing and comparing form and style. Its discussion also includes the way objects are made and their purely visual or material aspects.
Formalism art initially emerged as a response to the Post-Impressionism movement during the late 1800s. It was viewed as a critical approach to the way that art was being viewed and produced, as different values regarding aesthetic quality began to develop.
Formalism is a critical and creative position which holds that an artwork's value lies in the relationships it establishes between different compositional elements such as color, line, and texture, which ought to be considered apart from all notions of subject-matter or context.
Formalism is a critical approach to art and literature that focuses on the formal elements of a work, such as its structure, style, and technique, rather than its content or context. It emphasizes the importance of the artwork itself, independent of the artist’s intentions or the viewer’s interpretation.
Formalism describes the critical position that the most important aspect of a work of art is its form – the way it is made and its purely visual aspects – rather than its narrative content or its relationship to the visible world.
In Formalism art, information deemed irrelevant for the interpretation of an artwork is the artist’s psychology, motivation, intent, technique, subject matter, conceptual, cultural, social, political, or historical context. At most these elements are of secondary importance.
Formalism is an approach in art theory that emphasizes an artwork’s formal elements—its colors, lines, shapes, and textures—over its narrative or symbolism. It posits that our aesthetic experience comes primarily from how these elements are organized within the work.