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The doctrine of "double truth" was revived by the scholastics under the rubric "two truths". Thus, according to the scholastics, there was a lesser truth, that the Earth circled the Sun, as Copernicus said, and a greater truth, that when Joshua fought at Jericho it was the Sun, not the Earth, which stood still. The scholastics held that both ...
For example, Taoists at first misunderstood emptiness (śūnyatā) to be akin to the Taoist notion of non-being. [41] In the Mādhyamaka school of Buddhist philosophy, the two truths are two epistemological truths: two different ways to look at reality.
For example, some unicellular organisms have genomes much larger than that of humans. Cole's paradox: Even a tiny fecundity advantage of one additional offspring would favor the evolution of semelparity. Gray's paradox: Despite their relatively small muscle mass, dolphins can swim at high speeds and obtain large accelerations.
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Dialetheism (/ d aɪ ə ˈ l ɛ θ i ɪ z əm /; from Greek δι-di-'twice' and ἀλήθεια alḗtheia 'truth') is the view that there are statements that are both true and false. More precisely, it is the belief that there can be a true statement whose negation is also true.
In logic, the law of excluded middle or the principle of excluded middle states that for every proposition, either this proposition or its negation is true. [1] [2] It is one of the three laws of thought, along with the law of noncontradiction, and the law of identity; however, no system of logic is built on just these laws, and none of these laws provides inference rules, such as modus ponens ...
Zeno's arguments may then be early examples of a method of proof called reductio ad absurdum, also known as proof by contradiction. Thus Plato has Zeno say the purpose of the paradoxes "is to show that their hypothesis that existences are many, if properly followed up, leads to still more absurd results than the hypothesis that they are one."
Averroes depicted in a painting by Italian artist Andrea di Bonaiuto.Florence, 14th century. Averroism refers to a school of medieval philosophy based on the application of the works of 12th-century Andalusian philosopher Averroes, (known in his time in Arabic as ابن رشد, ibn Rushd, 1126–1198) a commentator on Aristotle, in 13th-century Latin Christian scholasticism.