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A centrifuge can be a very effective filter that separates contaminants from the main body of fluid. Industrial scale centrifuges are commonly used in manufacturing and waste processing to sediment suspended solids, or to separate immiscible liquids. An example is the cream separator found in dairies.
The rate of centrifugation is specified by the angular velocity usually expressed as revolutions per minute (RPM), or acceleration expressed as g. The conversion factor between RPM and g depends on the radius of the centrifuge rotor.
A laboratory ultracentrifuge. In chemistry, a Svedberg unit or svedberg (symbol S, sometimes Sv [a]) is a non-SI metric unit for sedimentation coefficients.The Svedberg unit offers a measure of a particle's size indirectly based on its sedimentation rate under acceleration (i.e. how fast a particle of given size and shape settles out of suspension). [1]
A decanter centrifuge applies a force equivalent to several thousand G's, which reduces the settling time of the particles. It is also favoured to maintain a large G-force, which will result in an improved separation. [8] The rate at which sedimentation occurs is an important characteristic of the decanter centrifuge separation process.
The sedimentation coefficient is typically dependent on the concentration of the solute (i.e. a macromolecular solute such as a protein). Despite 80+ years of study, there is not yet a consensus on the way to perfectly model this relationship while also taking into account all possible non-ideal terms to account for the diverse possible sizes, shapes, and densities of molecular solutes. [2]
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Rate-zonal centrifugation is a centrifugation technique employed to effectively separate particles of different sizes. [1] The tube is first filled with different concentrations of sucrose or another solute establishing layers with different densities and viscosities , forming a density gradient , within which the particles to be separated are ...
Sedimentation equilibrium in a suspension of different particles, such as molecules, exists when the rate of transport of each material in any one direction due to sedimentation equals the rate of transport in the opposite direction due to diffusion. Sedimentation is due to an external force, such as gravity or centrifugal force in a centrifuge.