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Oxcarbazepine, sold under the brand name Trileptal among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] For epilepsy it is used for both focal seizures and generalized seizures . [ 6 ] It has been used both alone and as add-on therapy in people with bipolar disorder who have had no success with other treatments.
Adverse effects are similar to oxcarbazepine. The most common ones (more than 10% of patients) are tiredness and dizziness. Other fairly common side effects (1 to 10%) include impaired coordination, gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, rash (1.1%), and hyponatremia (low sodium blood levels, 1.2%).
In a medicine that is administered periodically, the trough level should be measured just before the administration of the next dose in order to avoid overdosing. [3] A trough level is contrasted with a "peak level" ( C max ), which is the highest level of the medicine in the body, and the "average level", which is the mean level over time.
The Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD) study showed that most blood concentrations in breastfed infants of mothers taking carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproate, levetiracetam, and topiramate were quite low, especially in relationship to the mother's level and what the fetal level would have been ...
Licarbazepine is a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing effects that is related to oxcarbazepine. [1] It is an active metabolite of oxcarbazepine . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In addition, an enantiomer of licarbazepine, eslicarbazepine (( S )-(+)-licarbazepine), is an active metabolite of eslicarbazepine acetate .
Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD): [12] This study found blood concentrations in breastfed infants of mothers taking carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproate, levetiracetam, and topiramate were quite low, especially in relationship to the mother's level and what the fetal level would have been ...
Cenobamate induces the enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 and can therefore decrease blood concentrations of drugs that are metabolized by these enzymes (for example midazolam and bupropion, respectively). Conversely, it inhibits the enzyme CYP2C19 , potentially increasing concentrations of drugs metabolized by this enzyme (for example omeprazole ).
Carbamazepine, sold under the brand name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. [4] [1] It is used as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder.