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A monitor unit (MU) is a measure of machine output from a clinical accelerator for radiation therapy such as a linear accelerator or an orthovoltage unit. Monitor units are measured by monitor chambers, which are ionization chambers that measure the dose delivered by a beam and are built into the treatment head of radiotherapy linear accelerators.
The roentgen or röntgen (/ ˈ r ɛ n t ɡ ə n,-dʒ ə n, ˈ r ʌ n t-/; [2] symbol R) is a legacy unit of measurement for the exposure of X-rays and gamma rays, and is defined as the electric charge freed by such radiation in a specified volume of air divided by the mass of that air (statcoulomb per kilogram).
Dose area product (DAP) is a quantity used in assessing the radiation risk from diagnostic X-ray radiography examinations and interventional procedures, like angiography.It is defined as the absorbed dose multiplied by the area irradiated, expressed in gray-centimetres squared (Gy·cm 2 [1] – sometimes the prefixed units dGy·cm 2, mGy·cm 2 or cGy·cm 2 are also used). [2]
Megavoltage X-rays are produced by linear accelerators ("linacs") operating at voltages in excess of 1000 kV (1 MV) range, and therefore have an energy in the MeV range. The voltage in this case refers to the voltage used to accelerate electrons in the linear accelerator and indicates the maximum possible energy of the photons which are subsequently produced. [1]
Unit Symbol Derivation Year SI equivalent Activity (A) becquerel: Bq s −1: 1974 SI unit curie: Ci 3.7 × 10 10 s −1: 1953 3.7 × 10 10 Bq rutherford: Rd 10 6 s −1: 1946 1 000 000 Bq Exposure (X) coulomb per kilogram: C/kg C⋅kg −1 of air 1974 SI unit röntgen: R esu / 0.001 293 g of air 1928 2.58 × 10 −4 C/kg: Absorbed dose (D) gray ...
Magnetic complex reluctance (SI Unit: H −1) is a measurement of a passive magnetic circuit (or element within that circuit) dependent on sinusoidal magnetomotive force (SI Unit: At·Wb −1) and sinusoidal magnetic flux (SI Unit: T·m 2), and this is determined by deriving the ratio of their complex effective amplitudes.[Ref. 1-3] = ˙ ˙ = ˙ ˙ =
[2] [3] Dose and dose rate are used to measure different quantities [ 1 ] in the same way that distance and speed are used to measure different quantities. When considering stochastic radiation effects, only the total dose is relevant; each incremental unit of dose increases the probability that the stochastic effect happens. [ 4 ]
The outhouse is a unit of area used in nuclear physics equal to 10 −6 barns (100 am 2 = 10 −34 m 2). The barn (b) is a unit of area used in nuclear physics equal to one hundred femtometres squared (100 fm 2 = 10 −28 m 2). The are (a) is a unit of area equal to 100 m 2. The decare (daa) is a unit of area equal to 1000 m 2. The hectare (ha ...