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Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs.Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck, including the special senses of vision, taste, smell, and hearing.
The following structures pass through foramen ovale: mandibular nerve (CN V 3) (a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)) [1] accessory meningeal artery [1] lesser petrosal nerve (a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve) [1] [2] an emissary vein connecting the cavernous sinus with the pterygoid plexus [1]
A jugular foramen is one of the two (left and right) large foramina (openings) in the base of the skull, located behind the carotid canal. It is formed by the temporal bone and the occipital bone. It allows many structures to pass, including the inferior petrosal sinus, three cranial nerves, the sigmoid sinus, and meningeal arteries.
Image of base of the skull with several of the foramina labeled. The human skull has numerous openings , through which cranial nerves, arteries, veins, and other structures pass. These foramina vary in size and number, with age. [1] [2]
The superior orbital fissure is a foramen or cleft of the skull between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone. It gives passage to multiple structures, including the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic nerve, abducens nerve, ophthalmic veins, and sympathetic fibres from the cavernous plexus.
The foramen magnum (Latin for 'great hole') is a large, oval-shaped opening in the occipital bone of the skull. It is one of the several oval or circular openings (foramina) in the base of the skull. The spinal cord, an extension of the medulla oblongata, passes through the foramen magnum as it exits the cranial cavity.
The foramina in the base of the skull are exit and entry points for veins, arteries and cranial nerves. The cranial nerves as they exit through various foramina. Sphenoidal lingula; Subarcuate fossa; Dorsum sellae; Jugular process; Petro-occipital fissure; Condylar canal; Jugular tubercle; Tuberculum sellae; Carotid groove; Fossa hypophyseos ...
Forming the exterior end of the infraorbital canal, the infraorbital foramen communicates with the infraorbital groove, the canal's opening on the interior side.. The ramifications of the three principal branches of the trigeminal nerve—at the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramen—are distributed on a vertical line (in anterior view) passing through the middle of the pupil.