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The conscience clause is widely invoked in Catholic universities, hospitals, and agencies because the Catholic Church opposes abortion, contraceptives, sterilization, and embryonic stem cell treatments. Opponents of related FOCA legislation have interpreted the possible end of the conscience clause as a demand to either "do abortions or close."
"Separation of church and state" is a metaphor paraphrased from Thomas Jefferson and used by others in discussions of the Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof".
The Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993, Pub. L. No. 103-141, 107 Stat. 1488 (November 16, 1993), codified at 42 U.S.C. § 2000bb through 42 U.S.C. § 2000bb-4 (also known as RFRA), is a 1993 United States federal law that "ensures that interests in religious freedom are protected."
In the United States, freedom of religion is a constitutionally protected right provided in the religion clauses of the First Amendment. [1] As stated in the Bill of Rights: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...". George Washington stressed freedom of religion as a ...
In the United States, at least six states have such conscience clauses for personnel in medical-related fields. [ which? ] [ citation needed ] PFLI President Karen Brauer was fired in 1996 from a Kmart pharmacy in Delphi, Ohio for refusing to fill birth control prescriptions. [ 2 ]
Indiana Senate Bill 101, titled the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), [1] is a law in the U.S. state of Indiana, which allows individuals and companies to assert as a defense in legal proceedings that their exercise of religion has been, or is likely to be, substantially burdened.
The organization opposes conscience-clause legislation, seeing it as an "intrusion of state legislatures into the education and training of mental health professionals". [ 28 ] The American Academy of Pediatrics supported repeal of Tennessee's faith-healing law allowing parents to seek "treatment by spiritual means through prayer alone" for ...
John Locke, English political philosopher argued for individual conscience, free from state control. The concept of separating church and state is often credited to the writings of English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). [22] Roger Williams was first in his 1636 writing of "Soul Liberty" where he coined the term "liberty of conscience ...