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The two main countries in the first wave of European colonialism were Portugal and Spain. [3] The Portuguese started the long age of European colonization with the conquest of Ceuta, Morocco in 1415, and the conquest and discovery of other African territories and islands, this would also start the movement known as the Age of Discoveries.
This is a list of former European colonies. The European countries which had the most colonies throughout history were: United Kingdom (130), France (90), ...
This is a list of territories and polities that have been considered colonies. ... with Overseas Countries and Territories and Outermost Regions. Danish Gold Coast;
Below are lists of the countries and territories that were formerly ruled or administered by the United Kingdom or part of the British Empire (including military occupations that did not retain the pre-war central government), with their independence days. Some countries did not gain their independence on a single date, therefore the latest day ...
League of Nations mandate never passed, replaced by Anglo-Iraqi treaty with the Kingdom of Iraq: Java: 1811–1816 Territory of the East India Company: restored to the Netherlands: Malaya: 1824 Transferred following Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824: 1824–1867 Territory of British East India Company: 1867–1946 Straits Settlements, Crown colony ...
Many decolonized countries created programs to promote industrialization. Some nationalized industries and infrastructure, and some engaged in land reform to redistribute land to individual farmers or create collective farms. Some decolonized countries maintain strong economic ties with the former colonial power.
Before the expansion of early modern European powers, other empires had conquered and colonized territories, such as the Roman Empire in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. Modern colonial empires first emerged with a race of exploration between the then most advanced European maritime powers, Portugal and Spain , during the 15th century. [ 2 ]
A historical sovereign state is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. This page lists sovereign states, countries, nations, or empires that ceased to exist as political entities sometime after 1453, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.