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Pregnenolone is produced mainly in the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the brain. [4] Although pregnenolone is also produced in the gonads and brain, most circulating pregnenolone is derived from the adrenal cortex. [17] To assay conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, radiolabeled cholesterol has been used. [18]
Pregnenolone, sold under the brand name Enelone among others, is a medication and supplement as well as a naturally occurring and endogenous steroid. [3] [1] [4] [5] [6] It is described as a neurosteroid and anti-inflammatory drug and was used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and soft-tissue rheumatism in the 1950s and is no longer prescribed today, but remains available as a supplement.
Adrenal steroids are steroids that are derived from the adrenal glands.They include corticosteroids, which consist of glucocorticoids like cortisol and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, adrenal androgens like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S), and androstenedione (A4), and neurosteroids like DHEA and DHEA-S, as well as pregnenolone and pregnenolone sulfate (P5-S).
At the most extreme level, for example, are tumors of the adrenal glands, or pheochromocytomas, which commonly lead to high blood pressure that reaches life-threatening levels.
On the other hand, adrenal androgens are readily converted to estradiol, which accelerates bone maturation and can lead to early epiphyseal closure. This narrow target of optimal dose is made more difficult to obtain by the imperfect replication of normal diurnal plasma cortisol levels produced by 2 or 3 oral doses of hydrocortisone.
Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones.The adrenal glands—also referred to as the adrenal cortex—normally secrete glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol), mineralocorticoids (primarily aldosterone), and androgens.