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Urban forestry can be an important tool for stormwater management as trees intercept rainwater in the canopy, and can slow down, filter and pump water back into the atmosphere via their roots. [7] [8] Other benefits include noise control, traffic control, and glare and reflection control. [9]
Genetic diversity also ensures that forest trees can survive, adapt and evolve under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, genetic diversity is the foundation of biological diversity at species and ecosystem levels. Forest genetic resources are therefore important to consider in forest management. [16]
The forest is a natural system that can supply different products and services. Forests supply water, mitigate climate change, provide habitats for wildlife including many pollinators which are essential for sustainable food production, provide timber and fuelwood, serve as a source of non-wood forest products including food and medicine, and contribute to rural livelihoods.
Trees planted in municipal areas are subject to removal as preferences change. Urban reforestation efforts compete for money and urban land that could be used for other purposes. For example, effort placed in planting new trees can take away from maintenance of already established trees. [ 11 ]
The FAO has suggested that, over the period 2005–2050, effective use of tree planting could absorb about 10–20% of man-made emissions – so monitoring the condition of the world's forests must be part of a global strategy to mitigate emissions and protect ecosystem services. [20]
Throughout their lifespan, trees continue to sequester carbon, storing atmospheric CO 2 long-term. [27] Sustainable forest management, afforestation, reforestation are therefore important contributions to climate change mitigation. An important consideration in such efforts is that forests can turn from sinks to carbon sources.
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. [1] Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. About 31% of Earth's land surface is covered by forests at present. [2]
Important for almost half of the birds in North America. Contain 60% of world surface freshwater. Primary Temperate Forests: 119 billion tonnes (like all CO2 emitted by humans in 2005–2017) Old growth forest has very high biodiversity. Some species link terrestrial ecosystems to marine. Some trees can live 1,000 years providing many services ...