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The human cerebellum is located at the base of the brain, with the large mass of the cerebrum above it, and the portion of the brainstem called the pons in front of it. It is separated from the overlying cerebrum by a layer of tough dura mater called the cerebellar tentorium; all of its connections with other parts of the brain travel through the pons.
English: Diagram of the cerebellar circuitry. Excitatory synapses are denoted by (+) and inhibitory synapses by (-). MF: Mossy fibers; DCN: Deep cerebellar nuclei; IO: Inferior Olive
Cerebellar granule cells form the thick granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and are among the smallest neurons in the brain. (The term granule cell is used for several unrelated types of small neurons in various parts of the brain.) Cerebellar granule cells are also the most numerous neurons in the brain: in humans, estimates of their total ...
He wrote Cerebri Anatome (Latin: Anatomy of the brain) [c] in 1664, followed by Cerebral Pathology in 1667. In these he described the structure of the cerebellum, the ventricles, the cerebral hemispheres, the brainstem, and the cranial nerves, studied its blood supply; and proposed functions associated with different areas of the brain. [233]
The comparative simplicity and regularity of the cerebellar anatomy led to an early hope that it might imply a similar simplicity of computational function, as expressed in one of the first books on cerebellar electrophysiology, The Cerebellum as a Neuronal Machine by John C. Eccles, Masao Ito, and János Szentágothai. [42]
The entire pathway begins and ends in the cerebral cortex, and its entire course is the following: [2] (Motor and sensory areas of) cerebral cortex → corticopontine fibers → (ipsilateral) nuclei pontis (synapse) → pontocerebellar fibers (decussation within pons) → middle cerebellar peduncle → (contralateral) (cerebellar cortex and (collaterals) dentate nucleus of) posterior lobe of ...
Stellate cells are neurons in the central nervous system, named for their star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. These cells play significant roles in various brain functions, including inhibition in the cerebellum and excitation in the cortex, and are involved in synaptic plasticity and neurovascular coupling.
There are four paired deep cerebellar nuclei embedded in the white matter centre of the cerebellum. The nuclei are the fastigial , globose , emboliform , and dentate nuclei. In lower mammals the emboliform nucleus appears to be continuous with the globose nucleus, and these are known together as the interposed nucleus .