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The Senior Courts of England and Wales were originally created by the Judicature Acts as the "Supreme Court of Judicature". It was renamed the "Supreme Court of England and Wales" in 1981, [8] and again to the "Senior Courts of England and Wales" by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (to distinguish it from the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom).
Public records are documents or pieces of information that are not considered confidential and generally pertain to the conduct of government.. Depending on jurisdiction, examples of public records includes information pertaining to births, deaths, marriages, and documented transaction with government agencies.
The Public Records Act 1967 [1] (c. 44) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed during Harold Wilson's Labour government.. The Act amended the Public Records Act 1958 by reducing the period whereby public records (apart from those deemed "sensitive" by the Lord Chancellor) were closed to the public from fifty years to thirty years, the "thirty-year rule".
The UK Government considers that the main purpose of public inquiries is in “preventing recurrence”. [5] Between 1990 and 2017 UK governments spent at least £630m on public inquiries, [5] with most expensive being the Bloody Sunday Inquiry costing £210.6 million. [5] [6] Most public inquiries take about two years to complete their work. [5]
The Public Records Act 1958 was the foundational legislation in the UK that governed the preservation and access to public records. It was this act that established the principle of transferring records from public offices to The National Archives, and other places of deposit, after 30 years unless they were selected for earlier destruction. [4]
It is the official national archive of the UK Government and for England and Wales; and "guardian of some of the nation's most iconic documents, dating back more than 1,000 years." [5] There are separate national archives for Scotland (the National Records of Scotland) and Northern Ireland (the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland).
The Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) modernised the UK Public Records Act of 1958. This act gave the public a general right to access all types of recorded information held by public authorities, much greater than was previously allowed. The FOIA was mainly concerned with the management and preservation of public records. [10]
The Public Record Office [a] (abbreviated as PRO, pronounced as three letters and referred to as the PRO), Chancery Lane in the City of London, was the guardian of the national archives of the United Kingdom from 1838 until 2003, when it was merged with the Historical Manuscripts Commission to form The National Archives, based in Kew.