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The kesa is worn over a Chinese-style long robe, called jikitotsu (直裰) which was also developed in China, [14] [15] and had a belt or sash tied at the waist. [13] Zen Buddhist monks wear a form of formal dress which is composed of two kimono, covered by the jikitotsu; and the kesa is finally worn on top of the jikitotsu. [15]
The rakusu is a garment possibly of Chinese origins, [1] potentially dating back to the periods of the Buddhist persecutions from which the Chán Buddhist tradition emerged as the strongest sect. The Buddha's original outer robe was a rectangular robe in the ratio of 6 by 9.
Ordained Buddhist bhikkus (monks) and bhikuunis (nuns) traditionally wear simple robes called kāṣāya, named after a brown or saffron dye used to give the fabric their distinctive non-primary colors. Originally, these robes were made of cast-off or donated material because monks lived ascetic lifestyles. [1]
Kaṭhina (or Kaṭina) is a Pali word referring to the wooden frame used to measure the length and width by which the robes of Buddhist monks are cut. [7] As the legend goes, thirty bhikkhus were journeying with the intention of spending Vassa with Gautama Buddha. [2]
A Cambodian monk in his robes Two monks in orange robes. The special dress of ordained people, referred to in English as robes, comes from the idea of wearing a simple durable form of protection for the body from weather and climate. In each tradition, there is uniformity in the color and style of dress.
Modern-day Buddhist monks and laity refer to the long Buddhist robe as haiqing (Chinese: 海青). [23] The wearing of these long robes by Buddhist monks is a legacy of the Tang and Song period. [23] In ancient times, the haiqing was adopted by the Chan temples. [8] The haiqing originated from the hanfu-style worn in the Han and Tang dynasties. [14]
In Chinese Buddhism, Kṣitigarbha's image is usually in the form of a Buddhist monk; complete with a robe, shaved head or in a vishnu lou cap. [1] He sits in the lotus posture and wields a khakkhara in his left hand, symbolizing the unification of compassion for all living creations whilst holding strictly to the moral precepts. [1]
The Ikkō-ikki monks of the 16th century, due largely to their origins as countryside mobs, were far more varied in their armor and armament. Many wore the more traditional monk robes, with varying degrees and types of armor. Many wore various sorts of helmets, while many others opted for the straw hat and cloak of a peasant.