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[6] [7] Some of these infections are sexually transmitted, however a yeast infection, Candida balanitis, is generally not categorized as such. It is less common among males who are circumcised; in many cases, a dysfunction of the foreskin is a causal or contributing factor. [1] Both not enough cleaning and too much cleaning can cause problems. [1]
The course of treatment depends on the stage of the lesion; topical therapy is necessary for the early plaque stage, while more aggressive therapy is required for the advanced stages. [2] When there is no histological indication of cancer, cryotherapy and topical 5-flourouracil are the recommended courses of treatment. [7]
Balanitis circinata (also known as circinate balanitis) is a skin condition comprising a serpiginous ring-shaped dermatitis of the glans penis. [1] While circinate balanitis is one of the most common cutaneous manifestations of reactive arthritis, it can also occur independently.
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis.
Yeast infections of the penis are less common and typically present with an itchy rash. [11] Very rarely, yeast infections may become invasive, spreading to other parts of the body. [12] This may result in fevers, among other symptoms. [12] More than 20 types of Candida may cause infection with Candida albicans being the most common. [13]
Balanitis plasmacellularis is typically asymptomatic. It appears as an orange-red, moist, glossy macular to slightly elevated plaques. Balanitis plasmacellularis most commonly effects the glans penis. The cause of balanitis plasmacellularis is unknown however heat friction and rubbing are possible contributing factors.