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Lepromatous leprosy is a form of leprosy characterized by pale macules in the skin. [1]: 346 It results from the failure of Th1 cell activation which is necessary to eradicate the mycobacteria (Th1 response is required to activate macrophages that engulf and contain the disease). In lepromatous leprosy, TH2 response is turned on, and because of ...
With regard to morphology, the initial lesion that characterizes a condition is known as the "primary lesion", and identification of such a lesions is the most important aspect of the cutaneous examination. [30] Over time, these primary lesions may continue to develop or be modified by regression or trauma, producing "secondary lesions". [1]
A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin. [2] It may have a rounded, pointed or flat top, and may have a dip. [2] It can appear with a stalk, be thread-like or look warty. [3] It can be soft or firm and its surface may be rough or smooth. [2] Some have crusts or scales. [2]
The presence of clogged skin follicles (known as comedones) limited to the face with occasional inflammatory lesions defines mild acne. [20] Moderate severity acne is said to occur when a higher number of inflammatory papules and pustules occur on the face, compared to mild cases of acne, and appear on the trunk of the body. [20]
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
Lesions that deviate from the common characteristics are labeled an "ugly duckling", and a further professional exam is required. The " Little Red Riding Hood " sign [ 74 ] suggests that individuals with fair skin and light-colored hair might have difficult-to-diagnose amelanotic melanomas .
The virus, unchecked by the immune system, causes the overproduction of keratin by skin cells, resulting in lesions resembling warts or cutaneous horns which can ultimately transform into skin cancer, but the development is not well understood.
Dermatitis is a term used for different types of skin inflammation, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash. [1] In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. [1]