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Pleural empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity caused by microorganisms, usually bacteria. [1] Often it happens in the context of a pneumonia , injury, or chest surgery. [ 1 ] It is one of the various kinds of pleural effusion .
An empyema (/ ˌ ɛ m p aɪ ˈ iː m ə /; from Ancient Greek ἐμπύημα (empúēma) 'abscess') is a collection or gathering of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity. The term is most commonly used to refer to pleural empyema , [ 1 ] which is empyema of the pleural cavity .
This is called an empyema. Pleural effusion involving fibrinous exudates in the fluid may be called fibrinous pleurisy, which sometimes occurs as a later stage of pleurisy. A person can develop a pleural effusion in the absence of pleurisy. For example, pneumonia, heart failure, cancer, or a pulmonary embolism can lead to a pleural effusion.
A parapneumonic effusion is a type of pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity) that arises as a result of a pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. [1] There are three types of parapneumonic effusions: uncomplicated effusions, complicated effusions, and empyema. Uncomplicated effusions generally respond well to ...
A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.6 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5–15 millilitres of fluid, which helps to maintain a functional ...
These include infections such as an empyema or tuberculosis, or bleeding within the pleural space known as a haemothorax. Exposure to certain substances, such as asbestos , can cause generalised fibrosis of the lungs, which may involve the pleura and lead to fibrothorax. [ 7 ]
Infected pleural effusion can lead to pleural empyema, which can create significant adhesion and fibrosis that require division and decortication. For recurrent pleural effusions, pleurodesis can be performed to establish permanent obliteration of the pleural space.
An empyema is a collection of pus inside the pleural cavity. It is a complication of pneumonia or thoracic injury or surgery and also requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. [9] Radiographic appearance is similar to that of a pleural effusion with costophrenic angle blunting and white out of lung zones.