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People developing their theory of change in a workshop. A theory of change (ToC) is an explicit theory of how and why it is thought that a social policy or program activities lead to outcomes and impacts. [1] ToCs are used in the design of programs and program evaluation (particularly theory-driven evaluation), across a range of policy areas.
Thomas Kuhn [10] described how a paradigm shift is a wholesale shift in the basic understanding of a scientific theory. Examples in science include the change of thought from miasma to germ theory as a cause of disease. Building on this work, Giovanni Dosi [11] developed the concept of 'technical paradigms' and 'technological trajectories'. In ...
This model of change, developed by Lewin, was a simplistic view of the process to change. This original model "developed in the 1920s and fully articulated in Lewin's (1936a) book Principles of Topological Psychology" [8] paved the way for other change models to be developed in the future.
Here Geuss's [8] definition is given, where "a critical theory, then, is a reflective theory which gives agents a kind of knowledge inherently productive of enlightenment and emancipation" (1964). Thus Marcuse argued that while technology matters and design are often presented as neutral technical choices, in fact, they manifest political or ...
Theory-driven evaluation (also theory-based evaluation) is an umbrella term for any approach to program evaluation that develops a theory of change and uses it to design, implement, analyze, and interpret findings from an evaluation. [1] [2] [3] More specifically, an evaluation is theory-driven if it: [4]
Digital transformation (DT) is the process of adoption and implementation of digital technology [1] [2] [3] by an organization in order to create new or modify existing products, services and operations by the means of translating business processes into a digital format.
The Rasch model represents the simplest form of item response theory. Mixture models are central to latent profile analysis.. In factor analysis and latent trait analysis [note 1] the latent variables are treated as continuous normally distributed variables, and in latent profile analysis and latent class analysis as from a multinomial distribution. [7]
Original model of three phases of the process of technological change: Invention is followed by Innovation, which is followed by Diffusion. The Linear Model of Innovation was an early model designed to understand the relationship of science and technology that begins with basic research that flows into applied research, development and diffusion [1]