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Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology.
Glacial abrasion is the surface wear achieved by individual clasts, or rocks of various sizes, contained within ice or by subglacial sediment as the glacier slides over bedrock. [9] Abrasion can crush smaller grains or particles and remove grains or multigrain fragments, but the removal of larger fragments is classified as plucking (or ...
Glacial drift is a general term for the coarsely graded and extremely heterogeneous sediments of glacial origin. Glacial till is that part of glacial drift which was deposited directly by the glacier. tillite A type of sedimentary rock derived from glacial till which has been indurated or lithified by subsequent burial into solid rock. titanite
Fluvio-glacial processes can occur on the surface and within the glacier. The deposits that happen within the glacier are revealed after the entire glacier melts or partially retreats. Fluvio-glacial landforms and erosional surfaces include: outwash plains, kames, kame terraces, kettle holes, eskers, varves, and proglacial lakes. [4]
Bed softness may vary in space or time, and changes dramatically from glacier to glacier. An important factor is the underlying geology; glacial speeds tend to differ more when they change bedrock than when the gradient changes. [41] Further, bed roughness can also act to slow glacial motion.
Geology of the Adirondack Park "Pothole Lakes in Siberia". NASA Earth Observatory. Archived from the original on 2006-09-30; Portnoy, J.W. et al., Kettle Pond Data Atlas for Cape Cod National Seashore: Paleoecology and Modern Water Chemistry Archived 2018-06-23 at the Wayback Machine April 2001, 118 pp., Retrieved June 23, 2018.
Till is a form of glacial drift, which is rock material transported by a glacier and deposited directly from the ice or from running water emerging from the ice. [1] It is distinguished from other forms of drift in that it is deposited directly by glaciers without being reworked by meltwater.
A glacial erratic is a glacially deposited rock differing from the type of rock native to the area in which it rests. Erratics, which take their name from the Latin word errare ("to wander"), are carried by glacial ice, often over distances of hundreds of kilometres.