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Map of Mesozoic exposures in New Mexico, USA. The Mesozoic began with the Permian-Triassic extinction event. [31] The Sevier and Nevadan orogenies pushed up mountains to the west of New Mexico that produced a rain shadow, giving New Mexico an exquisitely hot and dry climate through much of the early Mesozoic. [32] [33]
The Laramide orogeny occurred in a series of pulses, with quiescent phases intervening. The major feature that was created by this orogeny was deep-seated, thick-skinned deformation, with evidence of this orogeny found from Canada to northern Mexico, with the easternmost extent of the mountain-building represented by the Black Hills of South ...
The rocky cores of the mountain ranges are, in most places, formed of pieces of continental crust that are over one billion years old. In the south, an older mountain range was formed 300 million years ago, then eroded away. The rocks of that older range were reformed into the Rocky Mountains.
For example, the Laramide orogeny changed the topography of the central Rocky Mountains and adjoining Laramide regions (from central Montana to central New Mexico) during the Late Cretaceous 80 million years ago. [9] Prior to this time the Rocky Mountain region was occupied by a broad basin.
The Ouachita Orogeny was the collision of South America with the current-day Gulf-region, and resulted in the Ancestral Rockies - a northwest trending intercontinental mountain belt mainly through Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. The Ancestral Rockies gave way to the Uncompahgre Mountain Range, which bound the San Juan Basin on the northeast ...
The Taconic orogeny, between 490 and 445 million years ago, the Acadian orogeny, from 410 to 380 million years ago, and the Alleghanian orogeny from 325 to 220 million years ago pushed up towering mountain ranges. Extensive erosion of these mountains shed sediments westward into a shallow sea in Arizona.
The plutons sutured new and existing orogens together and helped convert the juvenile terranes to mature crust. The orogen pulses are identified as the Yavapai orogeny at 1710–1680 Mya, the Mazatzal orogeny at 1650–1600 Ga, the Picuris orogeny at 1450–1300 Mya, [8] and the Grenville orogeny at 1300–950 Mya. [6]
The Mazatzal orogeny was an orogenic event in what is now the Southwestern United States from 1650 to 1600 Mya [1] in the Statherian Period of the Paleoproterozoic. Preserved in the rocks of New Mexico and Arizona, it is interpreted as the collision of the 1700-1600 Mya age [1] Mazatzal island arc terrane with the proto