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In a metal, every atom donates at least one free electron for conduction, thus 1 cm 3 of metal contains on the order of 10 22 free electrons, [30] whereas a 1 cm 3 sample of pure germanium at 20 °C contains about 4.2 × 10 22 atoms, but only 2.5 × 10 13 free electrons and 2.5 × 10 13 holes.
Outlines of some packaged semiconductor devices. A semiconductor device is an electronic component that relies on the electronic properties of a semiconductor material (primarily silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors) for its function. Its conductivity lies between conductors and insulators.
A compound semiconductor is a semiconductor compound composed of chemical elements of at least two different species. These semiconductors form for example in periodic table groups 13–15 (old groups III–V), for example of elements from the Boron group (old group III, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium) and from group 15 (old group V, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth).
Metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), showing gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The gate is separated from the body by an insulating layer (white). A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power. It is one of the basic building blocks of modern ...
The conduction of current of intrinsic semiconductor is enabled purely by electron excitation across the band-gap, which is usually small at room temperature except for narrow-bandgap semiconductors, like Hg 0.8 Cd 0.2 Te. The conductivity of a semiconductor can be modeled in terms of the band theory of solids.
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. Field-effect transistors (FET) MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor FET) – by far the most widely manufactured electronic component (also known as MOS transistor) [6] [7] PMOS (p-type MOS) NMOS (n-type MOS) CMOS (complementary MOS ...
Electronic band structure of a semiconductor material. Like other solids, semiconductor materials have an electronic band structure determined by the crystal properties of the material. Energy distribution among electrons is described by the Fermi level and the temperature of the electrons.
Semiconductor memory is a digital electronic semiconductor device used for digital data storage, such as computer memory. It typically refers to devices in which data is stored within metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) memory cells on a silicon integrated circuit memory chip .